C. coli, C. jejuni jejuni,C. jejuni doylei, C. mucosalis - associated with diarrhoea (and rarely bacteraemia) - reported therapeutic agents, erythromycin and fluoroquinolones but enteric infections are usually self-limiting
C. concisus, C. curvus (previously Wolinella curva), C. gracilis (previously Bacteroides gracilis), C. showae, C. sputorum, C. rectus (previously Wolinella recta) - associated with periodontitis, appendicitis, peritonitis and head and neck infections - reported susceptibilities and therapeutic agents, ureidopenicillins, amoxycillin/clavulanate, carbapenems, metronidazole and fluoroquinolones
C. fetus fetus - associated with fever, diarrhoea, meningoencephalitis, endocarditis, abscesses - reported susceptibilities and therapeutic agents, erythromycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin
C. fetus venerealis - isolated from cases of bacterial vaginosis and faeces of homosexual men but role as pathogen poorly defined
C. hyointestinalis, C. lari ( previously C. laridis), C. upsalensis - associated with diarrhoea, bacteraemia and abscess - zoonoses from mammals and birds - reported susceptibilities and therapeutic agents, erythromycin, ampicillin, gentamicin
Campylobacter butzleri was reclassified as Arcobacter butzleri
C. cinaedi, C. fennelliae, C. pyloridis were reclassified as Helicobacter spp.
References - Johnson, C.C., Finegold, S.M. (1987). Uncommonly encountered, motile, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli associated with infection. Rev. infect. Dis. 9, 1150-1162. - Blazer, M.J. (1990). Campylobacter species. In Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 3rd. ed. Mandell, G.L., Douglas, R.G., Bennett, J.E. (eds.). New York: Churchill Livingstone. - Figura, N., Guglielmetti, P., Zanchi, A., Partini, N. et al. (1993). Two cases of Campylobacter mucosalis enteritis in children. J. clin. Microbiol. 31, 727-728. - Francioli et al. (1985). Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus bacteremia. Arch. intern. Med. 145, 289-292. - Edmonds et al. (1987). Campylobacter hyointestinalis associated with human gastrointestinal disease in the United States. J. clin. Microbiol. 25, 685-691. - Simon, A.E., Wilcox, L. (1987). Enteritis associated with Campylobacter laridis. J. clin. Microbiol. 25, 10-12. - von Graevenitz, A. (1990). Revised nomenclature of Campylobacter laridis, Entrobacter intermedium, and "Flavobacterium branchiophila." Int. J. syst. Bact. 40, 211. - Walmsley, S.L., Karmali, M.A. (1989). Direct isolation of atypical thermophilic Campylobacter species from human feces on selective agar medium. J. clin. Microbiol. 27, 668-670. - Gaudreau, C., Lamothe, F. (1992). Campylobacter upslensis isolated from a breast abscess. J. clin. Microbiol. 30, 1354-1356.
